UMMS, Carnegie Institute receive U.S. patent for RNAi
Discovery by Mello, Fire holds the promise of shutting down disease-causing genes in humans
| By Jim Fessenden | October 17, 2012 |
| UMass Medical School Communications | |
| |  |
| | Craig C. Mello, PhD |
UMass Medical School and the Carnegie Institution for Science have been granted a patent for the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit expression of a target gene in animal cells, including mammalian cells.
The process by which RNA, the cellular material responsible for the transmission of genetic information, can silence a targeted gene within a living cell was discovered in 1998 by Craig C. Mello, PhD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, Blais University Chair in Molecular Medicine and distinguished professor of molecular medicine and cell & developmental biology, and Carnegie’s Andrew Fire, PhD, (now a professor at Stanford University). The duo received the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.
Already a powerful research tool used to isolate and identify genes and their function in the laboratory, RNAi holds the promise of shutting down disease-causing genes in humans and has broad implications for the development of new treatments and drugs for a range of diseases, including cancer. Researchers around the globe—including those at UMass Medical School and the Carnegie Institution—are investigating novel methods for synthesizing and delivering RNAi molecules able to turn off disease-causing genes to human cells. According to the patent, the double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) responsible for the RNAi process may be either synthesized by the animal cell, or otherwise provided to the cell, in an amount sufficient to inhibit expression of the target gene.
The single-stranded RNA molecule is commonly known for its role in shuttling the genetic code contained in DNA from the cell’s nucleus to its ribosomes where proteins are made, and for making sure that the proteins are correctly constructed to perform their functions in living organisms. In RNAi, the first strand of the double-stranded RNA molecule has the ribonucleotide sequence that matches the nucleotide sequence in the targeted gene (also called sense); the second strand of RNA has a complementary sequence to that in the target gene (called antisense). When introduced to an organism, the double stranded RNA degrades a specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which disrupts the message-carrying process and inactivates the gene, essentially halting the progression of an invading viral infection or, for example, tumor growth.
“We are very pleased that the United States Patent and Trademark Office has issued this broad patent for the groundbreaking work of Dr. Mello and Dr. Fire,” said James P. McNamara, PhD, executive director of the UMass Office of Technology Management. “RNA interference is a tremendously promising tool with enormous potential for treating disease. Our hope is to see the further advancement of the RNAi field toward novel therapies in the public interest.”
“We are very pleased that the patent office has granted a patent of the present scope for such a fundamental advance,” said Richard A. Meserve, president of the Carnegie Institution. “The research exemplifies what Andrew Carnegie sought to accomplish—to benefit humankind.”
The current patent is the most recent of several patents resulting from this work.